文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Wang, Fei ¹ ; Li, Yanping ³ ; Li, Zhenhua ³ ; Cai, Xitian ⁵ ; Lin, Xiaofeng ⁶ ; Guo, Lifeng ⁷ ; Han, Dongrui ¹ ; Fang, Jingchun ² ;

作者机构： 1.Shandong Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Informat & Econ, Jinan, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China

3.Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

4.Univ Saskatchewan, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

5.Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Guangzhou, Peoples R China

6.Jimei Univ, Coll Harbour & Coastal Engn, Xiamen, Peoples R China

7.Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Monitoring & Assessment Ctr GHGs & Carbon Neutral, Key Lab Atmospher Chem CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China

8.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China

关键词： Noah-MP-Crop model; winter wheat; phenological development; vernalization process; carbon and energy cycling

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES （ 影响因子：3.7； 五年影响因子：4.1 ）

ISSN： 2169-8953

年卷期： 2024 年 129 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Explicitly representing the world's most frequently cultivated winter wheat in land surface model (LSM) is important for understanding carbon and energy cycling over cropland and its interactions with climate, which is crucial for global food security. However, in the latest version of Noah-MP-Crop LSM, winter wheat is significantly underrepresented. This study improved the winter-wheat parameterization in Noah-MP-Crop model by optimizing the phenological scheme, incorporating vernalization process, and calibrating several key parameters associated with winter wheat photosynthesis and carbon allocations. Focusing on the North China Plain as area representative region, model performance in simulating crop dynamic growth, carbon flux, and energy fluxes was validated at both site and regional scales. Results showed that the simulated phenological development matched well with the real-world phenological records. A comparison between the simulated results by the default and developed parameterizations revealed the significant improvements in the reproductions of leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary production (GPP). The determination coefficient (R2) value of GPP was increased from 0.15 to 0.46 to 0.39-0.91. Simulations of energy fluxes showed smaller improvements, with R2 values increasing from 0.46 to 0.67 to 0.61-0.84 for latent heat (LE) and 0.18-0.55 to 0.25-0.61 for sensible heat. Additionally, the mean average error of net radiation was reduced. Improvements in spatial and temporal variations of LAI, GPP, and LE in regional simulation were also observed. This work can facilitate incorporating winter wheat cultivation and its interactions with climate system, particularly when coupling the Noah-MP-Crop model with the widely used Weather Research and Forecasting model. Winter wheat is a widely cultivated staple food that plays a crucial role in ensuring food security worldwide. However, its representation in land surface models (LSMs), for example, in the latest version of the Noah-MP-Crop LSM, is less developed compared to spring wheat due to the longer growing season and over-wintered growth characteristics. This hinders the application of these models in studying surface carbon and energy cycling, which have a significant impact on climate, particularly in regions dominated by winter wheat production. To address this issue, we improved the parameterization of winter wheat in the Noah-MP-Crop model by redefining the phenological stages, adjusting the thresholds for entering each stage, incorporating the vernalization process, and optimizing key parameters related to photosynthesis and carbon allocations. We evaluated the improved parameterization by comparing simulated winter wheat growth, carbon and energy cycles with in situ observations and satellite-derived products. The results demonstrated significant improvements in leaf area index and gross primary productivity of winter wheat, but only minor improvements in energy fluxes at both sites and regional scales. In the future, coupling this enhanced crop module with the Weather Research and Forecasting model will better our understanding of the interconnections between winter wheat croplands and climate. Phenological scheme, vernalization process, and key parameters associated with winter wheat photosynthesis and carbon allocations were developed and optimized The developed parameterization of winter wheat was evaluated in both site-level and regional simulations in the North China Plain Simulations of winter-wheat phenological development, yield, carbon, and energy fluxes were significantly improved